Jack. Evidently the name of an early
Irish coin, as at a Parliament liclil at
Drofrheda, 1460, for the reformation of the
Irish eoinatre, it was decreed amonfr otheimeasures
that "the eoin called the Jack
be hereafter of no value and void." >Scr
Rudin- (i. 278).
Jack. A slan^r name for the Enjrlish
FarthinfT. The u.se of this term can be
traced to the beginning of the eighteenth
century; later the name \va.s applied to
card counters, resembling in size and appearance
Sovereigns and half Sovereigns.
Jacobsthaler. iS^ee Jakobsthaler.
Jacobus. The popular but not official
name for the Fnite of James I (q.v.). It
was retained as late as the nineteenth century,
as ]Macaulay uses it iu liis History of
England, 1855 (iii. 585).
Jacquesa. See Jaquesa.
Jafari, oi- Jafri. A name given to the
eigiitii liuprc or silver Fanam of Mysore
by Tipu Sultan, in 1786, when he adopted
his new system of reckoning, based f)n tlie
Muludi, i.f.. dating from the birtii of the
Prophet. The coin is so called after Jafar
Sadik, the sixth Imam.
Jafimske. A Russian silver eoin mentioned
liv Adam Olearius, in his Tnirch
of the Amhiissiiilors. 1636 (p. 97). He
.states that the Russians a])pl.v this name
to the Rixdollar, and a.ssumes it to be a
corrujitio)! of .Inachimsthaler.
Jagdthaler. A silver coin of Bohemia
struck by the Emperor Ferdinand II in
1626, from designs by Hans Rieger, of
Breslau. It has on the reverse a city view
and the Emperor on horseback riding to
the chase, accompanied by a huntsman ami
two dogs.
Jager. A ba.se silver coin issued in many
parts of the Low Countries, but especially
Groningen, in the latter part of the fifteenth
century. It is sometimes known as
the Halve Braspenning. SVc van der
Cliijs {pasxim), and for the early dated
specimens, Frey.
[1
Jakobsthaler. The name given to certain
silver coins struck in 16:!:) and 16:]I
1)\- Duke Frederick Ulrich of Brunswick
Wolfciibiittel fi'oni metal obtained from
the St. Jakob mine at Ijautenthal. They
bear a figure of Jacob, the patron saint, in
jiilgrim's costume, and a view of the town
of Lautenthal. The pieces were struck not
oidy as sim])le Thaler, but also as doubles
and sextujiles.
Jaku. Ruding (i. 187) .states that in the
Ocntlentan's MiKjazine for 1812 (p. :i:il)
there is a communication from Dr. Pegge,
who imagined that he had discovered the
gold Penny of Henry III in a Jewish document
under the name of .Faku. This he
considers as eipiivalent to pure or sterling.
The .lews, he .sa.vs, "used Denarim and
-Jaku, just in the same manner as the Christians
applied their words Denarius and
Sterlingus.
"
Jalalah. Anotiier name for the square
Rupee struck by Akbar, Emperf)r of Ilitidustan
and his successors. See Sihansah.
Jamls Kori. See Kori.
Jamodi. See Pice.
Jampal. iSVr D.iampel.
Janauschek Thaler. The name given to
the silver Thalei' ami double with the head
of Frankofurtia, designed by A. von Nordheim,
and struck for the city of Fi-ankfort
a.M. in 1857 and later.
Joseph and Fellncr in their work on the
coins of this city (No. 1265) state that
Fanny Janauschek, the actress, is .said to
have served as the model, and they ad<l
that at one time this Thaler and doulilc
Thaler were sold in the United States at
high prices under the name of Rothschild
Love Dollars, and the public were informed
that the figure re|)i'esented a mistress
of Rothschild.
Jane. This word is probably a corruption
of Genoese, and it was applied to a
coin of very inferior metal brought to P]ngland
b,\- traders from (ienoa.
Spenser, Faerie Queene (iii. 7. 58), says:
"Because I would not give her many a
Jane."
Januini, or Genuini. The name p:iven
to Denarii struck in Genoa. Du Cange
cites ordinances showing that the term
was used in 1240 and 1278.
Jaquesa, or Jacquesa. A copper coin of
S|)aiu wliicli probably received its name
from Jacca or Xaca, the old capital of
Arafifon. It is referred to in ordinances
of the fourteenth century, but Engel and
Serrure (ii. 824) state that it was originally
struck bv Sanzio Ramirez I (1063-
1094).
Tiie Lira Jaquesa or Lira Aragonese
was a money of account used in Spain at
the beginning of the nineteentli century
and was computed at ten Reales.
Jarimlik. See Yigirmlik.
Jaunet. A French nickname for any
gold coin in allusion to its color.
Jeneuoser, or Jenuersch, are gold coins
referred to in ordinances of Frankfort
a.M. during the years 14U9 and 1430. The
coin is probably the Genovino. See Paul
Joseph (III). 130, 172).
Jermelik. See Yigirmlik.
Jesus Thaler. See Schmalkaldischer
Buiulesthaler.
Jeton. A counter which can be traced
in France to the tliirteenth century. Some
of the earliest types bear the inscription
"de la chambre des comptes," and later
issues have portraits, fleurs de lis, the
makers' names, etc.
The name is derived from the verb
"Jeter" to throw, to cast. The j)ieces originally
served the same purpose as the
Kcclicnpfennige (</.('.). They were fir.st
struck in copper, brass, and other base
metals, but at a later period when tiiey
were intended as gifts, they were fre-
(juently made of silver and gold.
Tournay was one of the chief manufacturing
|)]aces of Jetons during the fifteeiitli
and sixteentii centuries.
Jettal, or Settle. A money of account
formerly used in Kanara and other parts
of Madras, and computed at 48 to the
PaL'oda. Sec Noback (p. 193).
Jetton. See Jeton.
Jihadiyeh Beshlik. A silver necessity
coin (if till' ()t Ionian Empire i.ssued under
JIaliniiiil II. Lane-Poole states (Numisnidlir
Chroiiich, 3d Sei-ies, ii. 182) that
[ 1
the "Beshlik here means five Ghrusli, and
not five Para, and the coin was issued at
the low weight of 410 instead of 1000
grains. '
'
Jilaleh. A silver coin of a square form
and equal to the Ru]>ee in value. Its first
appearance is in the reign of Akbar (A. II.
963-1014), one of the Moghul emperors of
Hindustan.
Jingle Boy. An English slang term for
a gold or silver coin, and specifically for a
Guinea.
Thomas Dav, in his plav. The Beggar of
liednaU Green. 1600 (v.)," has: "Come, old
fellow, bring thy white Bears to the Stake,
and thy yellow gingle boys to the Bullring."
Jingo Kaiho. See Jiu Ni Zene.
Jitney. Originally a token or counter of
about the size of the current nickel five
Cent piece of the United States, and later
the name was applied to the coin itself.
The term is now generally used in connection
with the normal fare for transportation
within town limits.
Jiu Ni Zene. The twelve ancient Sen of
Japan. They are as follows:
1. Wailo Kaiho I.ssueil in 708 A.D.
2. Mannpn Tsuho " " 760 "
o. Jinjxo Kailio " " 705 "
4. It.vuhci Eilio " " 796 "
.J. Fiijii Jimpo " '* 818 '*
6. Sliowa Shoho " "
8:55
"
7. Chonen Tailio " " 848 "
5. Nyiicld .limpo " •• 8.59 "
ii. .ToKwan Eiho " " 870 "
10. KamiPi'i Tailio " " 890 "
11. Kngi Tsiiho •• •• 907 "
lli. Kcu^i'ii Tiiilio " " 9.58 *'
Joachimsthaler. See Thaler.
Joannes. A gold coin of Portugal, fii'st
issued in 1722 under John V from which
ruler it obtains it name. Conf. Dobra;
and for an account of its underrating see
Chalmers (pp. 82, 396).
Joanninus. This term was originally
applied to the money issiun! at Rhodes by
the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and
later to the Grossi struck bv Pope John
XXTl (1410-141.5).
Jodocus Thaler. A silver coin of Jever
struck by the Duchess Maria (1.517-1.'>7ri).
It takes its name from -lodocus, the jiatron
saint, who is figured in armor and holding
a flag in liis right hand. Sec JMadai (173S).
Joe. The common designation f<ir the
gold .loaniies of Portugal (q.i'.).
IC]
Joe Jux
Joe. A papor ournMicy issued about
],so;» I'or Essi'i|uil)(i and Dcmci-ara. Tlic
Joi' was (Miuivaleiit to twonty-two Hi-ilisli
Guilders.
Joey. A iiii-kiiaino jrivou to the Hn^rlisli
si her lour I'ence. ISee Britannia Groat.
Jogwan Eiho. Srr .Tiu Ni Zine.
Jora. See Zahrali.
Jubilee Money. An issuo in liotli <rold
and silver siruek in Knii'laiid in 1SS7 to
eoniineniorate the tit'tieth anniversary of
((jueen N'ietoi'ia's reig'u.
Tlieso coins bear an eifigy of the Queen
modelled from life by Sir Ed^'ar Boebm.
The f>;old pieces consist of the five Pound
pieei\ double Sovereifrn, Sovereign, and
half Sovereij;'!!. The largest of the silver
coins was the Crown.
Jubileums Thaler. A commemorative
coin, sti'uck, as tiie name indicates, for a
jubilee, ainiiversary, etc. They are also
known as Denkmiinzen or Gediiehtnismiinzen.
There are a number issued on the centennials
of the Aug.sburp: Confession, 1530,
1630, 1730, and 1830; and in 175.5 Frederick
III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha, struck a
Thaler on the peace of the religions. See
Madai (4013). In Holland similar pieces
have been issued known as Gedenkpennige.
Judenkopfgroschen, or Judenkopfe. A
nickname given to certain Groschen struck
by Frederick II and William III of Meissen
in the latter part of the fifteenth century.
The bearded head with the peculiar
pointed hat on the reverse of these coins,
which constitutes one of the ornaments in
the IMeissen armoi'ial bearings, was taken
by the populace as resembling a .Jew's portrait.
Other nickiuunes for the same pieces
are Bartgroschen and Judenhiite.
Judenmedaillen. This term is ajiplied
to a class of gold and silvei- medals which
were the prod\ict of Jewish goldsmiths of
Prague in the early part of the seventeenth
century. They are cast and then reengraved
to give them the a|)pearauce of
having been made about two hundred
\ears earlier. The obverses bear ]iort raits
of Charles VI of France, the Emperor
Maximilian I, etc.
Judenpfennige. The name given to a
series of counterfeit coiiper coins which
originated in Fi-atd\fort a.M. in 1703, and
were contimied until 1822.
Joseph and Fcllner in their history of
the coinage of this city give a list of these
unauthorized pieces (Nos. lf)i)()-2()()4). The
issues from 1703 to 1807 are stamped 1
Theler; in 180<) appeared the 1 Atribuo,
and in 1818 the one (piarter Ilalbag. These
are all rated at the value of one Pfennig.
See also Spink (.\i. 128) for an exhaustive
treatise on the subject.
Jugate. Placed side by side; i.e., aceolated
or accolled. See Bajoirc.
Juik, Juk, or Jux. A former Turki.sh
mone.v of account computed at 100,000 Aspers,
and in some localities at twelve Bentel
iq.v.).
Julier. The Swiss poimlar name for the
(iiulio (q.v.).
Juliusloser. See Loserthaler.
Jun Pei. See Chun Pei.
Justo. A gold coin of Portugal issued
by Joannes II (1481-1495) which had a
value of about si.K hundred Reis. The device
on one side is the armorial shield, and
oh the other the King seated on a throne
or standing before it, with the motto ivstvs
VT paIjMA plorehit, fi-om which inscription
the coin obtained its name. There is a corresponding
half, known as Espadim (q.v.).
Jux. See Juik.
Irish coin, as at a Parliament liclil at
Drofrheda, 1460, for the reformation of the
Irish eoinatre, it was decreed amonfr otheimeasures
that "the eoin called the Jack
be hereafter of no value and void." >Scr
Rudin- (i. 278).
Jack. A slan^r name for the Enjrlish
FarthinfT. The u.se of this term can be
traced to the beginning of the eighteenth
century; later the name \va.s applied to
card counters, resembling in size and appearance
Sovereigns and half Sovereigns.
Jacobsthaler. iS^ee Jakobsthaler.
Jacobus. The popular but not official
name for the Fnite of James I (q.v.). It
was retained as late as the nineteenth century,
as ]Macaulay uses it iu liis History of
England, 1855 (iii. 585).
Jacquesa. See Jaquesa.
Jafari, oi- Jafri. A name given to the
eigiitii liuprc or silver Fanam of Mysore
by Tipu Sultan, in 1786, when he adopted
his new system of reckoning, based f)n tlie
Muludi, i.f.. dating from the birtii of the
Prophet. The coin is so called after Jafar
Sadik, the sixth Imam.
Jafimske. A Russian silver eoin mentioned
liv Adam Olearius, in his Tnirch
of the Amhiissiiilors. 1636 (p. 97). He
.states that the Russians a])pl.v this name
to the Rixdollar, and a.ssumes it to be a
corrujitio)! of .Inachimsthaler.
Jagdthaler. A silver coin of Bohemia
struck by the Emperor Ferdinand II in
1626, from designs by Hans Rieger, of
Breslau. It has on the reverse a city view
and the Emperor on horseback riding to
the chase, accompanied by a huntsman ami
two dogs.
Jager. A ba.se silver coin issued in many
parts of the Low Countries, but especially
Groningen, in the latter part of the fifteenth
century. It is sometimes known as
the Halve Braspenning. SVc van der
Cliijs {pasxim), and for the early dated
specimens, Frey.
[1
Jakobsthaler. The name given to certain
silver coins struck in 16:!:) and 16:]I
1)\- Duke Frederick Ulrich of Brunswick
Wolfciibiittel fi'oni metal obtained from
the St. Jakob mine at Ijautenthal. They
bear a figure of Jacob, the patron saint, in
jiilgrim's costume, and a view of the town
of Lautenthal. The pieces were struck not
oidy as sim])le Thaler, but also as doubles
and sextujiles.
Jaku. Ruding (i. 187) .states that in the
Ocntlentan's MiKjazine for 1812 (p. :i:il)
there is a communication from Dr. Pegge,
who imagined that he had discovered the
gold Penny of Henry III in a Jewish document
under the name of .Faku. This he
considers as eipiivalent to pure or sterling.
The .lews, he .sa.vs, "used Denarim and
-Jaku, just in the same manner as the Christians
applied their words Denarius and
Sterlingus.
"
Jalalah. Anotiier name for the square
Rupee struck by Akbar, Emperf)r of Ilitidustan
and his successors. See Sihansah.
Jamls Kori. See Kori.
Jamodi. See Pice.
Jampal. iSVr D.iampel.
Janauschek Thaler. The name given to
the silver Thalei' ami double with the head
of Frankofurtia, designed by A. von Nordheim,
and struck for the city of Fi-ankfort
a.M. in 1857 and later.
Joseph and Fellncr in their work on the
coins of this city (No. 1265) state that
Fanny Janauschek, the actress, is .said to
have served as the model, and they ad<l
that at one time this Thaler and doulilc
Thaler were sold in the United States at
high prices under the name of Rothschild
Love Dollars, and the public were informed
that the figure re|)i'esented a mistress
of Rothschild.
Jane. This word is probably a corruption
of Genoese, and it was applied to a
coin of very inferior metal brought to P]ngland
b,\- traders from (ienoa.
Spenser, Faerie Queene (iii. 7. 58), says:
"Because I would not give her many a
Jane."
Januini, or Genuini. The name p:iven
to Denarii struck in Genoa. Du Cange
cites ordinances showing that the term
was used in 1240 and 1278.
Jaquesa, or Jacquesa. A copper coin of
S|)aiu wliicli probably received its name
from Jacca or Xaca, the old capital of
Arafifon. It is referred to in ordinances
of the fourteenth century, but Engel and
Serrure (ii. 824) state that it was originally
struck bv Sanzio Ramirez I (1063-
1094).
Tiie Lira Jaquesa or Lira Aragonese
was a money of account used in Spain at
the beginning of the nineteentli century
and was computed at ten Reales.
Jarimlik. See Yigirmlik.
Jaunet. A French nickname for any
gold coin in allusion to its color.
Jeneuoser, or Jenuersch, are gold coins
referred to in ordinances of Frankfort
a.M. during the years 14U9 and 1430. The
coin is probably the Genovino. See Paul
Joseph (III). 130, 172).
Jermelik. See Yigirmlik.
Jesus Thaler. See Schmalkaldischer
Buiulesthaler.
Jeton. A counter which can be traced
in France to the tliirteenth century. Some
of the earliest types bear the inscription
"de la chambre des comptes," and later
issues have portraits, fleurs de lis, the
makers' names, etc.
The name is derived from the verb
"Jeter" to throw, to cast. The j)ieces originally
served the same purpose as the
Kcclicnpfennige (</.('.). They were fir.st
struck in copper, brass, and other base
metals, but at a later period when tiiey
were intended as gifts, they were fre-
(juently made of silver and gold.
Tournay was one of the chief manufacturing
|)]aces of Jetons during the fifteeiitli
and sixteentii centuries.
Jettal, or Settle. A money of account
formerly used in Kanara and other parts
of Madras, and computed at 48 to the
PaL'oda. Sec Noback (p. 193).
Jetton. See Jeton.
Jihadiyeh Beshlik. A silver necessity
coin (if till' ()t Ionian Empire i.ssued under
JIaliniiiil II. Lane-Poole states (Numisnidlir
Chroiiich, 3d Sei-ies, ii. 182) that
[ 1
the "Beshlik here means five Ghrusli, and
not five Para, and the coin was issued at
the low weight of 410 instead of 1000
grains. '
'
Jilaleh. A silver coin of a square form
and equal to the Ru]>ee in value. Its first
appearance is in the reign of Akbar (A. II.
963-1014), one of the Moghul emperors of
Hindustan.
Jingle Boy. An English slang term for
a gold or silver coin, and specifically for a
Guinea.
Thomas Dav, in his plav. The Beggar of
liednaU Green. 1600 (v.)," has: "Come, old
fellow, bring thy white Bears to the Stake,
and thy yellow gingle boys to the Bullring."
Jingo Kaiho. See Jiu Ni Zene.
Jitney. Originally a token or counter of
about the size of the current nickel five
Cent piece of the United States, and later
the name was applied to the coin itself.
The term is now generally used in connection
with the normal fare for transportation
within town limits.
Jiu Ni Zene. The twelve ancient Sen of
Japan. They are as follows:
1. Wailo Kaiho I.ssueil in 708 A.D.
2. Mannpn Tsuho " " 760 "
o. Jinjxo Kailio " " 705 "
4. It.vuhci Eilio " " 796 "
.J. Fiijii Jimpo " '* 818 '*
6. Sliowa Shoho " "
8:55
"
7. Chonen Tailio " " 848 "
5. Nyiicld .limpo " •• 8.59 "
ii. .ToKwan Eiho " " 870 "
10. KamiPi'i Tailio " " 890 "
11. Kngi Tsiiho •• •• 907 "
lli. Kcu^i'ii Tiiilio " " 9.58 *'
Joachimsthaler. See Thaler.
Joannes. A gold coin of Portugal, fii'st
issued in 1722 under John V from which
ruler it obtains it name. Conf. Dobra;
and for an account of its underrating see
Chalmers (pp. 82, 396).
Joanninus. This term was originally
applied to the money issiun! at Rhodes by
the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and
later to the Grossi struck bv Pope John
XXTl (1410-141.5).
Jodocus Thaler. A silver coin of Jever
struck by the Duchess Maria (1.517-1.'>7ri).
It takes its name from -lodocus, the jiatron
saint, who is figured in armor and holding
a flag in liis right hand. Sec JMadai (173S).
Joe. The common designation f<ir the
gold .loaniies of Portugal (q.i'.).
IC]
Joe Jux
Joe. A papor ournMicy issued about
],so;» I'or Essi'i|uil)(i and Dcmci-ara. Tlic
Joi' was (Miuivaleiit to twonty-two Hi-ilisli
Guilders.
Joey. A iiii-kiiaino jrivou to the Hn^rlisli
si her lour I'ence. ISee Britannia Groat.
Jogwan Eiho. Srr .Tiu Ni Zine.
Jora. See Zahrali.
Jubilee Money. An issuo in liotli <rold
and silver siruek in Knii'laiid in 1SS7 to
eoniineniorate the tit'tieth anniversary of
((jueen N'ietoi'ia's reig'u.
Tlieso coins bear an eifigy of the Queen
modelled from life by Sir Ed^'ar Boebm.
The f>;old pieces consist of the five Pound
pieei\ double Sovereifrn, Sovereign, and
half Sovereij;'!!. The largest of the silver
coins was the Crown.
Jubileums Thaler. A commemorative
coin, sti'uck, as tiie name indicates, for a
jubilee, ainiiversary, etc. They are also
known as Denkmiinzen or Gediiehtnismiinzen.
There are a number issued on the centennials
of the Aug.sburp: Confession, 1530,
1630, 1730, and 1830; and in 175.5 Frederick
III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha, struck a
Thaler on the peace of the religions. See
Madai (4013). In Holland similar pieces
have been issued known as Gedenkpennige.
Judenkopfgroschen, or Judenkopfe. A
nickname given to certain Groschen struck
by Frederick II and William III of Meissen
in the latter part of the fifteenth century.
The bearded head with the peculiar
pointed hat on the reverse of these coins,
which constitutes one of the ornaments in
the IMeissen armoi'ial bearings, was taken
by the populace as resembling a .Jew's portrait.
Other nickiuunes for the same pieces
are Bartgroschen and Judenhiite.
Judenmedaillen. This term is ajiplied
to a class of gold and silvei- medals which
were the prod\ict of Jewish goldsmiths of
Prague in the early part of the seventeenth
century. They are cast and then reengraved
to give them the a|)pearauce of
having been made about two hundred
\ears earlier. The obverses bear ]iort raits
of Charles VI of France, the Emperor
Maximilian I, etc.
Judenpfennige. The name given to a
series of counterfeit coiiper coins which
originated in Fi-atd\fort a.M. in 1703, and
were contimied until 1822.
Joseph and Fcllner in their history of
the coinage of this city give a list of these
unauthorized pieces (Nos. lf)i)()-2()()4). The
issues from 1703 to 1807 are stamped 1
Theler; in 180<) appeared the 1 Atribuo,
and in 1818 the one (piarter Ilalbag. These
are all rated at the value of one Pfennig.
See also Spink (.\i. 128) for an exhaustive
treatise on the subject.
Jugate. Placed side by side; i.e., aceolated
or accolled. See Bajoirc.
Juik, Juk, or Jux. A former Turki.sh
mone.v of account computed at 100,000 Aspers,
and in some localities at twelve Bentel
iq.v.).
Julier. The Swiss poimlar name for the
(iiulio (q.v.).
Juliusloser. See Loserthaler.
Jun Pei. See Chun Pei.
Justo. A gold coin of Portugal issued
by Joannes II (1481-1495) which had a
value of about si.K hundred Reis. The device
on one side is the armorial shield, and
oh the other the King seated on a throne
or standing before it, with the motto ivstvs
VT paIjMA plorehit, fi-om which inscription
the coin obtained its name. There is a corresponding
half, known as Espadim (q.v.).
Jux. See Juik.