Showing posts with label Kazakhstan Coins. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kazakhstan Coins. Show all posts

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Spacecraft Venera-10 I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin, Spacecraft Venera-10, Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Spacecraft Venera-10
Series Space Coins - Soviet Venus Missions

The «Venera-10» spacecraft  was started by the Proton launch vehicle on June 14, 1975 . On October 25, 1975 the «Venera-10» lander soft-landed on a lit side of the planet in 2200 km from a point of landing of «Venera-10». From the lander television images of a surface of Venus were transferred to Earth. Meanwhile the orbital compartment of Venus-10 station orbited round Venus.

Obverse: the composition symbolized the unity of human being with the world and the connection between the past and present; the face value of the coin "500 ТЕҢГЕ"; trade mark of Kazakhstan Mint; the inscription of «Ag 925 14.6 g. Та 26.8 g. » defining the metal which the coin is made of, its fineness and weight; two inscriptions "ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ" in State language and "REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN" in English.

Reverse: the image of the Venera-10 spacecraft on its approach to the planet Venus; inscriptions «Венера-10» in state language and «VENERA-10» in English; year of coinage «2015».

Bi-colored (composite) coin is made with the use of tantalum, the metal which is widely used in the space industry. Over coin production the technology of change of color of tantalum is applied. Commemorative coins "Venera-10" finishes a series of "Space" coins.

Bi-colored (composite) coin has the round form consisted of the concentric situated ring and disk. The internal disk of coin is made of tantalum, with application of technology of changing color on purple, an external ring from silver.

Lateral surface is grooved.

Face value: 500 Tenge.
Date of issue: 25 December, 2015.
Fineness: Ag 925 14.6 ± 0.15 r/g Ta 999-26.8 ± 0.25 r/g.
Weight: 41.4 g.
Diameter: 38.61 mm.
Quality: proof.
Mintage: 3000.

Series Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Spacecraft Venera-10











Venera 10
Venera 10 (Russian: Венера-10 meaning Venus 10), manufacturer's designation: 4V-1 No. 661, was a Soviet unmanned space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander. It was launched on June 14, 1975 03:00:31 UTC and had a mass of 5033 kg (11096 lb).

 Orbiter
The orbiter entered Venus orbit on October 23, 1975. Its mission was to serve as a communications relay for the lander and to explore cloud layers and atmospheric parameters with several instruments and experiments:

 - 1.6-2.8 μm IR Spectrometer
 - 8-28 μm IR Radiometer
 - 352 nm UV Photometer
 - 2 Photopolarimeters (335-800 nm)
 - 300-800 nm Spectrometer
 - Lyman-α H/D Spectrometer
 - Bistatic Radar Mapping
 - CM, DM Radio Occultations
 - Triaxial Magnetometer
 - 345-380 nm UV Camera
 - 355-445 nm Camera
 - 6 Electrostatic Analyzers
 - 2 Modulation Ion Traps
 - Low-Energy Proton / Alpha detector
 - Low-Energy Electron detector
 - 3 Semiconductor Counters
 - 2 Gas-Discharge Counters
 - Cherenkov Detector

The orbiter consisted of a cylinder with two solar panel wings and a high gain parabolic antenna attached to the curved surface. A bell-shaped unit holding propulsion systems was attached to the bottom of the cylinder, and mounted on top was a 2.4 meter sphere which held the landers.

Lander
On October 23, 1975, this spacecraft was separated from the Orbiter, and landing was made with the sun near zenith, at 0517 UT, on October 25. A system of circulating fluid was used to distribute the heat load. This system, plus precooling prior to entry, permitted operation of the spacecraft for 65 min after landing. During descent, heat dissipation and deceleration were accomplished sequentially by protective hemispheric shells, three parachutes, a disk-shaped drag brake, and a compressible, metal, doughnut-shaped, landing cushion.
  It landed near the border area between Beta Regio and Hyndla Regio (within a 150 km radius of 15.42°N 291.51°E), three days after the touchdown of, and 2200 km from Venera 9. Venera 10 measured a surface windspeed of 3.5 m/s. Other measurements included atmospheric pressure at various heights, and temperature, and surface light levels. Venera 10 was the second probe to send back black and white television pictures from the Venusian surface (after Venera 9). Venera 10 photographs showed lava rocks of pancake shape with lava or other weathered rocks in between. Planned 360 degree panoramic pictures could not be taken because, as with Venera 9, one of two camera lens covers failed to come off, limiting pictures to 180 degrees.
  The lander communicated with Earth using the Venera 10 orbiter as a communication relay.

Lander Payload:
 - Temperature and pressure sensors
 - Accelerometer
 - Visible / IR photometer - IOV-75
 - Backscatter and multi-angle nephelometers - MNV-75
 - P-11 Mass spectrometer - MAV-75
 - Panoramic telephotometers (2, with lamps)
 - Anemometer - ISV-75
 - Gamma ray spectrometer - GS-12V
 - Gamma ray densitometer - RP-75
 - Radio Doppler experiment
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Buran - The Soviet Space Shuttle I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin, Buran, Soviet Space Shuttle, Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Buran - The Soviet Space Shuttle
Series Space Coins - Buran - The Soviet Space Shuttle

«Buran» is the orbital space plane of the Soviet reusable transport space system created within the Energy-Buran program. On November 15, 1988 «Buran» made its first and only space flight in the pilotless mode. The fact of the flight of spacecraft in space and its descent to Earth in the automatic mode under control of the on-board computer was included into the Guinness Book of Records. The spaceship was started from Baikonur Spaceport with the support of rocket «Energy».

Obverse: the composition symbolized the unity of human being with the world and the connection between the past and present; the face value of the coin "500 ТЕҢГЕ"; trade mark of Kazakhstan Mint; the inscription of «Ag 925 14.6 g. Та 26.8 g. » defining the metal which the coin is made of, its fineness and weight; two inscriptions "ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ" in Kazakh and "REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN" in English.

Reverse: the image of space plane «Buran» in a process of exit to Earth orbit and year of coinage «2014»; inscriptions «БУРАН» in state language and «BURAN» in English.

Bi-colored (composite) coin has the round form consisted of the concentric situated ring and disk. The internal disk of coin is made of tantalum, with application of technology of changing color on golden, an external ring from silver.

Face value: 500 Tenge.
Date of issue: 28 January, 2015.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Fineness: Ag 925 14.6 ± 0.15 r/g Ta 999-26.8 ± 0.25 r/g.
Weight: 41.4 g.
Diameter: 38.61 mm.
Quality: proof.
Mintage: 3000.


Series Space Coins


Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2015 Buran - The Soviet Space Shuttle 









Buran
Buran (Russian: Бура́н, Snowstorm or Blizzard) was the first spaceplane to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. It carried the GRAU index serial number 11F35 K1 and is – depending on the source – also known as OK-1K1, Orbiter K1, OK 1.01 or Shuttle 1.01. Besides describing the first operational Soviet/Russian shuttle orbiter, "Buran" was also the designation for the whole Soviet/Russian space shuttle project.
  OK-1K1 completed one unmanned spaceflight in 1988, and was destroyed in 2002 when the hangar it was stored in collapsed. It remains the only Soviet reusable spacecraft to be launched into space. The Buran-class orbiters used the expendable Energia rocket, a class of super heavy-lift launch vehicle.

The construction of the Buran-class space shuttle orbiters began in 1980, and by 1984 the first full-scale orbiter was rolled out. Construction of a second orbiter (OK-1K2, informally known as "Ptichka") started in 1988. The Buran programme was officially cancelled in 1993.

Operational history:

Orbital flight
The only orbital launch of a Buran-class orbiter occurred at 03:00:02 UTC on 15 November 1988 from Baikonur Cosmodrome launch pad 110/37. OK-1K1 was lifted into space, on an unmanned mission, by the specially designed Energia rocket. The automated launch sequence performed as specified, and the Energia rocket lifted the vehicle into a temporary orbit before the orbiter separated as programmed. After boosting itself to a higher orbit and completing two orbits around the Earth, the ODU (engine control system) engines fired automatically to begin the descent into the atmosphere, return to the launch site, and horizontal landing on a runway.
  Exactly 206 minutes into the mission, Orbiter OK-1K1 landed, having lost only eight of its 38,000 thermal tiles over the course of the flight. The automated landing took place on the Yubileyniy airfield runway at Site 251 in Baikonur Cosmodrome where, despite a lateral wind speed of 61.2 kilometres per hour (38.0 mph), it landed only 3 metres (9.8 ft) laterally and 10 metres (33 ft) longitudinally from the target mark. Specifically, as Buran approached Baikonur Cosmodrome and started landing, spacecraft sensors detected the strong crosswind and "the robotic system sent the huge machine for another rectangular traffic pattern approach, successfully landing the spacecraft on a second try." It was the first space shuttle to perform an unmanned flight, including landing in fully automatic mode.

Projected flights
In 1989, it was projected that OK-1K1 would have an unmanned second flight by 1993, with a duration of 15–20 days. Because the Buran programme was cancelled after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, this never took place.

Destruction
On 12 May 2002, the MIK 112 hangar at the Baikonur Cosmodrome housing OK-1K1 collapsed, as a result of poor maintenance, during a massive storm in Kazakhstan. The collapse killed eight workers and destroyed the craft as well as an Energia carrier rocket.
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2013 International Space Station I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2013 International Space Station, Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2013 Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2013 International Space Station
Series Space Coins - International Space Station

Obverse: the composition symbolized the unity of human being with the world and the connection between the past and present; the face value of the coin "500 ТЕҢГЕ"; trade mark of Kazakhstan Mint; the inscription of "Ag 925 14.6 gr. Та 26.8 gr." defining the metal which the coin is made of, its fineness and weight; two inscriptions "ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ" in Kazakh and "REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN" in English.

Reverse: the image of the International Space Station on Earth orbit and year of coinage "2013”; ISS emblem at upper sector;  inscriptions «ХҒС» in Kazakh, «МКС» in Russian and «INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION» in English.

Bi-colored (composite) coin has the round form consisted of the concentric situated ring and disk. The internal disk of coin is made of tantalum; external ring is made of silver.

For the first time the technology of colour change of tantalum in production of a coin is applied.

Face value: 500 Tenge.
Date of issue: 18 October, 2013.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight: 41.4 g.
Fineness: Ag 925 14.6 ± 0.15 r/g Ta 999-26.8 ± 0.25 r/g.
Diameter: 38.61 mm.
Quality: proof.


Series Space Coins



Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2013 International Space Station 









International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets as well as American Space Shuttles.
  The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 and 435 km (205 and 270 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda module or visiting spacecraft. It completes 15.54 orbits per day.
  ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations as well as Skylab from the US. The station has been continuously occupied for 15 years and 129 days since the arrival of Expedition 1 on 2 November 2000. This is the longest continuous human presence in space, having surpassed the previous record of 9 years and 357 days held by Mir. The station is serviced by a variety of visiting spacecraft: Soyuz, Progress, the Automated Transfer Vehicle, the H-II Transfer Vehicle, Dragon, and Cygnus. It has been visited by astronauts, cosmonauts and space tourists from 17 different nations.
  After the US Space Shuttle programme ended in 2011, Soyuz rockets became the only provider of transport for astronauts at the International Space Station, and Dragon became the only provider of bulk cargo-return-to-Earth services (downmass capability of Soyuz capsules is very limited).
  The ISS programme is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided into two sections, the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS), which is shared by many nations. As of January 2014, the American portion of ISS was funded until 2024. Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of ISS through 2024, but has proposed using elements of the Russian Orbital Segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK.
  On 28 March 2015, Russian sources announced that Roscosmos and NASA had agreed to collaborate on the development of a replacement for the current ISS. NASA later issued a guarded statement expressing thanks for Russia's interest in future cooperation in space exploration, but fell short of confirming the Russian announcement.
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2012 Mir Space Station I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2012 Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2012 Mir Space Station, Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2012 Mir Space Station
Series Space Coins - Mir Space Station

Obverse: the composition symbolized the unity of human being with the world and the connection between the past and present; the face value of the coin "500 ТЕҢГЕ"; trade mark of Kazakhstan Mint; the inscription of "Ag 925 14.6 gr. Та 26.8 gr." defining the metal which the coin is made of, its fineness and weight; two inscriptions "ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ" and "REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN".

Reverse: the Image of the space station “Mir”; “Mir” station emblem at upper sector; the name of the coin is indicated in Kazakh "МИР" ҒАРЫШ СТАНЦИЯСЫ", and in English "SPACE STATION "MIR", year of coinage “2012”..

Bi-colored (composite) coin has the round form consisted of the concentric situated ring and disk. The internal disk of coin is made of tantalum, external ring is made of silver.

Face value: 500 tenge
Date of issue: 28 April, 2012.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight: 41.4 gr.
(ring is made of 925/1000 silver – 14.6 gr., disk is made of tantalum – 26.8 gr.)
Diameter: 38.61 mm.,
Proof production quality,
Mintage – 5000 pcs.


Series Space Coins




Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2012 Mir Space Station








Mir - Space Station
Mir (Russian: Мир; lit. Peace [homonym: world]) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, owned by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. Until 21 March 2001 it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station after Mir's orbit decayed. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.
  Mir was the first continuously inhabited long-term research station in orbit and held the record for the longest continuous human presence in space at 3,644 days until 23 October 2010 when it was surpassed by the ISS. It holds the record for the longest single human spaceflight, with Valeri Polyakov spending 437 days and 18 hours on the station between 1994 and 1995. Mir was occupied for a total of twelve and a half years out of its fifteen-year lifespan, having the capacity to support a resident crew of three, or larger crews for short visits.
  Following the success of the Salyut programme, Mir represented the next stage in the Soviet Union's space station programme. The first module of the station, known as the core module or base block, was launched in 1986 and followed by six further modules. Proton rockets were used to launch all of its components except for the docking module, which was installed by space shuttle mission STS-74 in 1995. When complete, the station consisted of seven pressurised modules and several unpressurised components. Power was provided by several photovoltaic arrays attached directly to the modules. The station was maintained at an orbit between 296 km (184 mi) and 421 km (262 mi) altitude and traveled at an average speed of 27,700 km/h (17,200 mph), completing 15.7 orbits per day.
  The station was launched as part of the Soviet Union's manned spaceflight programme effort to maintain a long-term research outpost in space, and following the collapse of the USSR, was operated by the new Russian Federal Space Agency (RKA). As a result, most of the station' occupants were Soviet; however, through international collaborations such as the Intercosmos, Euromir and Shuttle-Mir programmes, the station was made accessible to space travelers from several Asian, European and North American nations. Mir was deorbited in March 2001 after funding was cut off. The cost of the Mir programme was estimated by former RKA General Director Yuri Koptev in 2001 as $4.2 billion over its lifetime (including development, assembly and orbital operation).
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2011 Yury Gagarin — First Man in Space I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2011 Yury Gagarin, First Man in Space, Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2011 Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2011 Yury Gagarin — First Man in Space
Series Space Coins — Yury Gagarin — First Man in Space

Obverse: the composition symbolized the unity of human being with the world and the connection between the past and present; the face value of the coin "500 ТЕҢГЕ"; trade mark of Kazakhstan Mint; the inscription of "Ag 925 16.7 gr. Та 24 gr." defining the metal which the coin is made of, its fineness and weight; two inscriptions "ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ" and "REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN".

Reverse: image Yury Gagarin, the first cosmonaut, 2011 is 50th anniversary of his space flight, image of orbital spacecraft on near-earth orbit, numbers "1961-2011" meaning the year of first man space flight and the year of coinage, name of the coin in Kazakh «ТҰҢҒЫШ ҒАРЫШКЕР», and in Russian «ПЕРВЫЙ КОСМОНАВТ» divided by signature of U.A. Gagarin.

Bi-colored (composite) coin has the round form consisted of the concentric situated ring and disk. The internal disk of coin is made of silver, external ring is made of tantalum.

Face value: 500 tenge.
Date of issue: 29 March, 2011.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight: 40.7 gr.
(ring is made of tantalum – 24 gr. disk is made of 925/1000 silver– 16.7 gr.)
Diameter: 38.61 mm.
Proof production quality.
Mintage – 5000 pcs.


Series Space Coins





Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2011 Yury Gagarin — First Man in Space







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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Lunokhod 1 - Soviet Union Lunar Rover I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Lunokhod 1, Soviet Union Lunar Rover, Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Space Coins
Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Lunokhod 1 — Soviet Union Lunar Rover
Series Space Coins — Lunokhod 1 — Soviet Union Lunar Rover

Obverse: the composition symbolized the unity of human being with the world and the connection between the past and present; the face value of the coin "500 ТЕҢГЕ"; trade mark of Kazakhstan Mint; the inscription of "Ag 925 14.6 gr. Та 26.8 gr." defining the metal which the coin is made of, its fineness and weight; two inscriptions "ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ" and "REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN".

Reverse: image of Lunokhod-1 – the first self-moving moon device (planetokhod) in the process of program implementation to study the feature of moon surface on the sky and the planet of Earth. The low part depicts the numbers "1970-2010" meaning the year of planetokhod delivery to the Moon surface and the year of coinage. There are two inscriptions «ЛУНОХОД-1» and «LUNOKHOD-1».

Bi-colored (composite) coin has the round form consisted of the concentric situated rings and disk. The internal disk of coin is made of tantalum, external ring is made of silver.

Face value: 500 tenge.
Date of issue: 5 August, 2010.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight: 41.4 gr. (ring is made of 925/1000 silver – 14.6 gr., disk is made of tantalum – 26.8 gr.)
Diameter: 38.61 mm.,
proof production quality,
mintage – 4000 pcs.


Series Space Coins






Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Lunokhod 1 - Soviet Union Lunar Rover






Lunokhod 1
Lunokhod 1 (Луноход, moon walker in Russian; Аппарат 8ЕЛ № 203, vehicle 8ЕЛ№203) was the first of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of its Lunokhod program. The Luna 17 spacecraft carried Lunokhod 1 to the Moon in 1970. Lunokhod 1 was the first remote-controlled robot "rover" to freely move across the surface of an astronomical object beyond the Earth. Lunokhod 0 (No.201), the previous and first attempt to do so, launched in February 1969 but failed to reach orbit.

Rover description
Lunokhod 1 was a lunar vehicle formed of a tub-like compartment with a large convex lid on eight independently powered wheels. Its length was 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in). Lunokhod was equipped with a cone-shaped antenna, a highly directional helical antenna, four television cameras, and special extendable devices to test the lunar soil for soil density and mechanical properties. An X-ray spectrometer, an X-ray telescope, cosmic ray detectors, and a laser device were also included. The vehicle was powered by batteries which were recharged during the lunar day by a solar cell array mounted on the underside of the lid. To be able to work in vacuum a special fluoride based lubricant was used for the mechanical parts and the electric motors (one in each wheel hub) were enclosed in pressurized containers. During the lunar nights, the lid was closed and a polonium-210 radioisotope heater unit kept the internal components at operating temperature. Lunokhod was intended to operate through three lunar days (approximately 3 Earth months) but actually operated for eleven lunar days.

Launch and lunar orbit
Luna 17 was launched on November 10, 1970 at 14:44:01 UTC. After reaching earth parking orbit, the final stage of Luna 17's launching rocket fired to place it into a trajectory towards the Moon (1970-11-10 at 14:54 UTC). After two course correction maneuvers (on November 12 and 14), it entered lunar orbit on November 15, 1970 at 22:00 UTC.

Landing and surface operations
The spacecraft soft-landed on the Moon in the Sea of Rains on November 17 at 03:47 UTC. The lander had dual ramps from which the payload, Lunokhod 1, could descend to the lunar surface. At 06:28 UT the rover moved onto the Moon's surface.
  The rover would run during the lunar day, stopping occasionally to recharge its batteries via the solar panels. At night the rover hibernated until the next sunrise, heated by the radioactive source.

1970:
- November 17 – 22: The rover drives 197 m, returns 14 close up pictures of the Moon and 12 panoramic views, during 10 communication sessions. It also conducts analyses of the lunar soil.
- December 9 – 22: 1,522 m

End of mission and results
Controllers finished the last communications session with Lunokhod 1 at 13:05 UT on September 14, 1971. Attempts to re-establish contact were finally discontinued and the operations of Lunokhod 1 officially ceased on October 4, 1971, the anniversary of Sputnik 1. During its 322 Earth days of operations, Lunokhod travelled 10,540 metres (6.55 miles) and returned more than 20,000 TV images and 206 high-resolution panoramas. In addition, it performed 25 lunar soil analyses with its RIFMA x-ray fluorescence spectrometer and used its penetrometer at 500 different locations.

Current location
The final location of Lunokhod 1 was uncertain until 2010, as lunar laser ranging experiments had failed to detect a return signal from it since 1971. On March 17, 2010, Albert Abdrakhimov found both the lander and the rover in Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter image M114185541RC. In April 2010, the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) team from the University of California at San Diego used the LRO images to locate the orbiter closely enough for laser range (distance) measurements. On April 22, 2010 and days following, the team successfully measured the distance several times. The intersection of the spheres described by the measured distances then pinpoint the current location of Lunokhod 1 to within 1 meter. APOLLO is now using Lunokhod 1's reflector for experiments, as they discovered, to their surprise, that it was returning much more light than other reflectors on the Moon. According to a NASA press release, APOLLO researcher Tom Murphy said, "We got about 2,000 photons from Lunokhod 1 on our first try. After almost 40 years of silence, this rover still has a lot to say."
  By November 2010, the location of the rover had been determined to within about a centimeter. The location near the limb of the Moon, combined with the ability to range the rover even when it is in sunlight, promises to be particularly useful for determining aspects of the Earth-Moon system.
  In a report released in May 2013, French scientists at the Cote d'Azur Observatory led by Jean-Marie Torre reported replicating the 2010 laser ranging experiments by American scientists after research using images from the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. In both cases, laser pulses were returned from the Lunokhod 1 retroreflector.
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2009 The Apollo-Soyuz Mission I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2009 Apollo-Soyuz Mission I Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2009 Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2009 The Apollo-Soyuz Mission
Series Space Coins — The Apollo-Soyuz Mission

Obverse: the composition, which symbolizes the unity of a man and the universe, bonds of past and present; the fact value of the coin «50 ТЕҢГЕ»; two legends "ҚАЗАҚСТАН YЛТТЫҚ БАНКI" and «REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN».

Reverse: the image of the Soviet spaceship “Soyuz – 19” and American spaceship “Apollo”, they realized the joining on the near-earth orbit of joint experimental flight program; the name of the coin is indicated in Kazakh “СОЮЗ-АПОЛЛОН” and in English “SOYUZ-APOLLO”; “2009” means the year of coinage.

Bicolour (compound) coin circle-shaped is consisted of a ring and a disk. Inner disk is made of tantalum, external ring is made of silver.

Face value: 500 tenge.
Date of issue 18 April 2009.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight 41,4 gr. Fineness: 925 Ag, 14,6 gr. and Ta, 38,61 gr
Quality: proof.
Mintage: 4000.


Series Space Coins







Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2009 The Apollo-Soyuz Mission





Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) (Russian: Экспериментальный полёт «Союз» — «Аполлон», Eksperimantalniy polyot Soyuz-Apollon, lit. "Experimental flight Soyuz-Apollo"), conducted in July 1975, was the first joint U.S.–Soviet space flight, and the last flight of an Apollo spacecraft.
  Its primary purpose was as a symbol of the policy of détente that the two superpowers were pursuing at the time, and marked the end of the Space Race between them that began in 1957.
  The mission included both joint and separate scientific experiments (including an engineered eclipse of the Sun by Apollo to allow Soyuz to take photographs of the solar corona), and provided useful engineering experience for future joint US–Russian space flights, such as the Shuttle–Mir Program and the International Space Station.
  ASTP was the last manned US space mission until the first Space Shuttle flight in April 1981. It was also U.S. astronaut Donald "Deke" Slayton's only space flight. He was chosen as one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts in April 1959, but had been grounded until 1972 for medical reasons.
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2008 Vostok spacecraft I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2008 Vostok spacecraft I Space CoinsKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2008 Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2008 Vostok spacecraft
Series Space Coins — Vostok spacecraft

Obverse: the composition, which symbolizes the unity of a man and the universe, bonds of past and present; the face value of the coin «50 ТЕҢГЕ»; two legends "ҚАЗАҚСТАН YЛТТЫҚ БАНКI" and «REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN».

Reverse: the Image of the spaceship “Vostok” ; the Image of the Moon ; “1961” means year of first flight of a man to space; the name of the coin is indicated in Kazakh "ВОСТОК" ҒАРЫШ КЕМЕСІ" and in English "SPACESHIP "VOSTOK"; “2008” means the year of coinage.

Bicolour (compound) coin circle-shaped is consisted of a ring and a disk. Inner disk is made of tantalum, external ring is made of silver.

Face value: 500 tenge.
Date of issue 18 October 2008.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight 41,4 gr. Weight is indicated without coverage.
Fineness: 925 Ag, 14,6 gr. and Ta, 38,61 gr.
Quality: proof.
Mintage: 4000.

Series Space Coins








Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2008 Vostok spacecraft 
Vostok spacecraft
The Vostok (Russian: Восток, translated as East) was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight in history was accomplished on this spacecraft on April 12, 1961, by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.
  The spacecraft was part of the Vostok programme in which six manned spaceflights were made from 1961–63. Two further manned space flights were made in 1964 and 1965 by Voskhod spacecraft, which were modified Vostok spacecraft. By the late 1960s both were superseded by the Soyuz spacecraft, which are still used as of 2016.

Development
The Vostok spacecraft was originally designed for use both as a camera platform (for the Soviet Union's first spy satellite program, Zenit) and as a manned spacecraft. This dual-use design was crucial in gaining Communist Party support for the program. The basic Vostok design has remained in use for some 40 years, gradually adapted for a range of other unmanned satellites. The descent module design was reused, in heavily modified form, by the Voskhod program.

Design
The craft consisted of a spherical descent module (mass 2.46 tonnes, diameter 2.3 meters), which housed the cosmonaut, instruments and escape system, and a conical instrument module (mass 2.27 tonnes, 2.25 m long, 2.43 m wide), which contained propellant and the engine system. On reentry, the cosmonaut would eject from the craft at about 7,000 m (23,000 ft) and descend via parachute, while the capsule would land separately. The reason for this was that the Vostok descent module made an extremely rough landing that could have left a cosmonaut seriously injured.
  The ejector seat also served as an escape mechanism in the event of a launch vehicle failure, which at this early phase of the space program was a common occurrence. If an accident occurred in the first 40 seconds after liftoff, the cosmonaut would simply eject from the spacecraft and parachute to Earth. From 40 to 150 seconds into launch, ground controllers could issue a manual shutdown command to the booster. When the launch vehicle fell to a low enough altitude, the cosmonaut would eject. Higher altitude failures after shroud jettison would involve detaching the entire spacecraft from the booster.
  One problem that was never adequately resolved was the event of a launch vehicle malfunction in the first 20 seconds, when the ejector seat would not have enough time to deploy its parachute. LC-1 at the Baikonour Cosmodrome had netting placed around it to catch the descent module should the cosmonaut eject while still on the pad, but it was of doubtful value since he would likely end up landing too close to the exploding booster. An accident in the initial seconds of launch also likely would have not put the cosmonaut in a position where he could make a survivable ejection and in all probability, this situation would have resulted in his death. A 2001 recollection by V.V. Molodsov stated that Chief Designer Sergei Korolev felt "absolutely terrible" about the inadequate provisions for crew escape on the Vostok during the opening seconds of launch.
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2007 Sputnik 1 - First Space Satellite of the Earth I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2007 Sputnik 1 - First Space Satellite of the EarthKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2007 Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2007 First Space Satellite of the Earth
Series Space Coins — Sputnik 1 - First Space Satellite of the Earth

Obverse: the composition, which symbolizes the unity of a man and the universe, bonds of past and present; the face value of the coin «50 ТЕҢГЕ»; two legends "ҚАЗАҚСТАН YЛТТЫҚ БАНКI" and «REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN».

Reverse: the image of the first space satellite of the Earth; “1957-2007” means the year of the launch of the satellite to the orbit of the Earth and the year of coinage; the name of the coin is indicated in Kazakh "ТҰҢҒЫШ ЖАСАНДЫ ЖЕР СЕРІГІ" and in English "THE FIRST SPACE SATELLITE OF THE EARTH".

Bicolour (compound) coin circle-shaped is consisted of a ring and a disk. Inner disk is made of tantalum, external ring is made of silver.

Face value: 500 tenge.
Date of issue 4 May 2007.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight 41,4 gr. Fineness: 925 Ag, 14,6 gr. and Ta, 38,61 gr.
Quality: proof.
Mintage: 4000.


Series Space Coins









Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2007 Sputnik 1 - First Space Satellite of the Earth



Sputnik 1 - First Space Satellite of the Earth
Sputnik 1 (Russian: Спутник-1 "Satellite-1", or ПС-1 ["PS-1", i.e., Russian: Простейший Спутник-1, Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1, "Elementary Satellite 1"]) was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It was a 58 cm (23 in) diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennae to broadcast radio pulses. It was visible all around the Earth and its radio pulses were detectable. This surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.
  Tracking and studying Sputnik 1 from Earth provided scientists with valuable information, even though the satellite itself wasn't equipped with sensors. The density of the upper atmosphere could be deduced from its drag on the orbit, and the propagation of its radio signals gave information about the ionosphere.
  Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No.1/5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome). The satellite travelled at about 29,000 kilometres per hour (18,000 mph; 8,100 m/s), taking 96.2 minutes to complete each orbit. It transmitted on 20.005 and 40.002 MHz, which were monitored by amateur radio operators throughout the world. The signals continued for 21 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on 26 October 1957. Sputnik burned up on 4 January 1958 whilst reentering Earth's atmosphere, after travelling about 70 million km (43 million mi) and spending three months in orbit.
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Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2006 Space I Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin, SpaceKazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2006 Space Coins

Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2006 Space
Series Space Coins — Space

Obverse: the composition which symbolizes the unity of a man and the universe, bonds of past and present; the face value of the coin «500 ТЕҢГЕ»; two legends "ҚАЗАҚСТАН YЛТТЫҚ БАНКI" and «REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN».

Reverse: the image of the universe and an astronaut; the name of the coin is indicated in Kazakh "ҒАРЫШ" and Russian "КОСМОС" and in English "SPACE"; "2006" means the year of coinage.

Date of issue 28 December 2006. Bicolour (compound) coin circle-shaped is consisted of a ring and a disk. Inner disk is made of tantalum, external ring is made of silver.

Face value: 500 tenge.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Weight:  Ag 925 14.6 ± 0.15 r/g Ta 999-26.8 ± 0.25 r/g.
Quality: proof.
Mintage: 4000.


Series Space Coins










Kazakhstan 500 Tenge Silver Coin 2006 Space


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Kazakhstan 100 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Queen Tomiris

Kazakhstan 100 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Queen TomirisKazakhstan 100 Tenge Silver Coin

Kazakhstan 100 Tenge Silver Coin 2010 Queen Tomiris
"Great military leaders" series - Queen Tomiris

Three thousand years ago on the open steppe spaces of present Kazakhstan lived the mighty Saka and Massagetae. Great Steppe has preserved for us the memory of its heroes. The queen of the Massagetae Tumar, known in ancient chronicles as Tomiris, vanquished the invincible army of Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire.

Obverse: gilded image of State Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan, number «100» and inscription «TENGE» indicate face value of the coin, trade mark of Kazakhstan Mint, an image of horsemen, number «2010» indicates the year of coinage, name of issuing bank in Kazakh «ҚАЗАҚСТАН ҰЛТТЫҚ БАНКІ» and in English «NATIONAL BANK OF KAZAKHSTAN.

Reverse: Represented on the reverse, there is the embossed image of Queen Tomyris surrounded by her warriors (fragment of Duselkhanov’s picture). It is said that she cut off her breast and rode into battle when her husband's head was brought back to her. Tomiris slayed Cyrus the Great (the Persian King circa 5th century BC) with her own hands. She kept his head near her at all times and drank fine wine from it until the day of her death.The upper part of the coin comprises the inscription indicating the designation of metal, its fineness «Ag 925» and the coin’s pure weight «31,1g.» as well as the Queen’s name in English, «VI B.C.» means century when Tomiris lived.

Date of issue: 26 February 2011.
Face value: 100 Tenge.
Imprints and legends on the face and reverse sides of the coin are relief.
Lateral surface is grooved.
Metal: Ag 925.
Weight: 31.1 g. Weight is indicated without coverage.
Diameter: 38.61 mm.
Quality: proof
Maximum mintage: 13000 (3000 for internal market of Kazakhstan).


Queen Tomiris
Tomyris, also called Thomyris, Tomris, Tomiride, or Queen Tomiri, was an ancient Eastern Iranian empress who reigned over the Massagetae, a Scythian pastoral-nomadic confederation of Central Asia east of the Caspian Sea, in parts of modern-day Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, western Uzbekistan, and southern Kazakhstan. Tomyris led her armies to defend against an attack by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire, and defeated and killed him in 530 BC (although this is debatable since Herodotus mentions that this was one of the many stories of Cyrus the Great's death).
  Tomyris is mentioned by several ancient writers, among whom the first is Herodotus. She is also mentioned by Strabo, Polyaenus, Cassiodorus, and Jordanes.

The names of Tomyris, and her son Spargapises, who was the head of her army, are of Iranian origins. Since the historians who first wrote of her were Greek, the Hellenic form of her name is used most frequently.
  Many Greek historians recorded that she "defeated and killed" the Persian ruler Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, during his invasion and attempted conquest of her country. Herodotus, who lived from approximately 484 to 425 BC, is the earliest of the classical writers to give an account of her career, writing almost one hundred years later. Her history was well known and became legendary. Strabo, Polyaenus, Cassiodorus, and Jordanes (in De origine actibusque Getarum, The Origin and Deeds of the Goths - also known as Getae or Dacians) also wrote of her.
  According to the accounts of Greek historians, Cyrus was victorious in his initial assault on the Massagetae. His advisers suggested laying a trap for the pursuing Scythians: the Persians left behind them an apparently abandoned camp, containing a rich supply of wine. The pastoral Scythians were not used to drinking wine — "their favored intoxicants were hashish and fermented mare's milk" — and they drank themselves into a stupor. The Persians attacked while their opponents were incapacitated, defeating the Massagetae forces, and capturing Tomyris' son, Spargapises, the general of her army. Of the one third of the Massagetae forces that fought, there were more captured than killed. According to Herodotus, Spargagises coaxed Cyrus into removing his bonds, thus allowing him to commit suicide while in Persian captivity.
  Tomyris sent a message to Cyrus denouncing his treachery, and with all her forces, challenged him to a second battle. In the fight that ensued, the Massagetae got the upper hand, and the Persians were defeated with high casualties. Cyrus was killed and Tomyris had his corpse beheaded and then crucified, and shoved his head into a wineskin filled with human blood. She was reportedly quoted as saying, "I warned you that I would quench your thirst for blood, and so I shall" (Hdt 1.214)

Legacy
Eustache Deschamps added Tomyris to his poetry as one of the nine Female Worthies in the late 14th century.
  The history of Tomyris has been incorporated into the tradition of Western art; Rubens, Allegrini, Luca Ferrari, Mattia Preti, Gustave Moreau and the sculptor Severo Calzetta da Ravenna are among the many artists who have portrayed events in the life of Tahm-Rayiš and her defeat of Cyrus and his armies. She is one of the subjects grouped under the Power of Women topos by art historians.
  The name "Tomyris" also has been adopted into zoological taxonomy, for the tomyris species-group of Central Asian Lepidoptera.
  590 Tomyris is the name given to one of the minor planets.
  The given name Tomris or Toʻmaris has also become very popular in Central Asia and Turkey in the 20th and 21st centuries. Toʻmarisning Koʻzlari (The Eyes of Tomyris) is a 1984 book of poems and stories by Uzbek author Xurshid Davron. Toʻmarisning Aytgani (The Sayings of Tomyris) is a 1996 book of poetry by Uzbek poet Halima Xudoyberdiyeva.
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